所謂Individuals and Moving-Range Charts ﹐我們稱之為X－Rm管制圖分析( X－Rm Control Chart)﹐應用在抽樣數為1 (每日一件 甚至每月一件等狀況) 之環境。
也有稱之為 I-MR Chart 的說法，與X－Rm管制圖分析( X－Rm Control Chart)說的是同一個管制圖。
X-Rm管制圖由個別值管制圖與移動全距管制圖組成
所謂移動全距為樣本值與前次樣本值之差﹐Ri = | Xi - X i-1|
相關管制界限的計算公式如下：
X-Rm管制圖乃X-bar R管制圖的延伸﹐其管制界限之計算不變﹐但n=2
因此下表中的 E2與D4 可分別計算查表 求出 E2 = 2.66, D4 =3.27
參考資料：
http://www.isixsigma.com/control_charts/individuals_and_moving_range_control_chart.asp
http://www.sqc.com.tw/Function/X-Rm.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research
Operations Research (OR) in the US, and Operational Research in the UK, is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics which uses methods like mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or good decisions in complex problems which are concerned with optimizing the maxima (profit, faster assembly line, greater crop yield, higher bandwidth, etc) or minima (cost loss, lowering of risk, etc) of some objective function. The eventual intention behind using operations research is to elicit a best possible solution to a problem mathematically, which improves or optimizes the performance of the system.
